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Gynecomastia

Etiology: • Estrogen excess relative to androgens

Pathogenesis: • Proliferation of both ducts and stroma

Epidemiology: • Disorder of the MALE breast • Puberty or old age • Associated with functioning testicular neoplasms (estrogenic) • Associated with cirrhosis • Seen in Klinefelter's syndrome

General Gross Description: • Unilateral or bilateral • Growth initially subareolar

General Microscopic Description: • Duct hyperplasia without atypia with piling up of nuclei in ducts • No lobules found in the male breast • Periductal pallor and fibrosis with numerous fibroblast nuclei

Clinical Correlations: • Treatment by surgery • Indicator of hyperestrinic state

References: • Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease 5th edition. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1994, pp. 1109-1110.