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| Kypho-scoliosis |
| Etiology •Scoliosis can be caused by bad posture, muscle spasms, or psychogenic factors. •Rarely, metabolic disorders, such as Prader-Willi syndrome can result in scoliosis. •Most cases of scoliosis are idiopathic. •Idiopathic scoliosis appears to have a genetic predisposition. |
| Pathogenesis •Extreme disorders in spine curves can result in problems in both respiratory and cardiovascular function. , |
| Epidemiology •Some degree of spinal deformity occurs in about 5% of children. •More common in females. |
| General Gross Description •The spine is normally straight in the coronal plane. •In the sagittal plane, there normally is kyphosis in the thoracic area and lordosis in the cervical and lumbar areas. •Abnormal curvature, side-to-side, is referred to as scoliosis. •Abnormal curvature in the sagittal plane is referred to as kyphosis. |
| General Microscopic Description •There is no specific histological alteration in kyphosis or scoliosis. |
| Clinical Correlation •Some cases of idiopathic scoliosis are assocciated with other congenital malformations, particularly of the kidneys. •Extreme kyphosis in the thoracic area reduces the space available to viscera, restricting both the lung capacity and venous return to the heart. |
| References Oski FA. Principles and Practice of Pediatrics, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1994, pp 1034. |
| Kypho-scoliosis |
| Synopsis by: T.V. Rajan M.D. Ph.D. (T10500M22660)[96] |
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